Machiavelli
[ Il Principe, 1532 [1] Machiavelli,
a chess program developed in 1947-1948 by Donald Michie and Shaun Wylie which was a rival “paper machine” of Alan Turing’s and David Champernowne’s Turochamp. Turing began programming both at University of Manchester but never completed them and they never played each other [2].
In their 1961 article Machines that play games [3], John Maynard Smith and Donald Michie elaborate the evaluation features of their one-ply analyzers SOMA and Machiavelli, to consider material, center and neighboring king square control, pieces en-prise, swap-off values and other tactical and strategical considerations. Later, John Maynard Smith built a SOMA-Machiavelli hybrid named SOMAC (SOMA with features taken from the Machiavelli) [4]. This machine, when allowed a lookahead of two, has a standard of play equal to that of a mediocre human player … [5] [6] .
Publications
- John Maynard Smith, Donald Michie (1961). Machines that play games. New Scientist, 12, 367-9. google books
- Donald Michie (1966). Game Playing and Game Learning Automata. Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation, Leslie Fox (ed.), pp 183-200. Oxford, Pergamon. » Includes Appendix: Rules of SOMAC by John Maynard Smith [7]
- Donald Michie (1974). On Machine Intelligence. Edinburgh: University Press, ISBN 10: 085224262X, ISBN 13: 9780852242629, abebooks.com, alibris.com, biblio.com
- Andrew S. Gordon (2001). Playing Chess with Machiavelli: Improving Interactive Entertainment with Explicit Strategies. AAAI Technical Report, pdf
External Links
- Chronology of Computing compiled by David Singmaster
- Machiavelli (disambiguation) from Wikipedia
- Niccolò Machiavelli from Wikipedia
- Category:Works by Niccolò Machiavelli from Wikipedia
Discourses on Livy from Wikipedia The Art of War (Machiavelli) from Wikipedia The Prince from Wikipedia
- Machiavellianism from Wikipedia
- Machiavellian intelligence from Wikipedia
- Anti-Machiavel from Wikipedia
- Djambi from Wikipedia
- Machiavelli, The Prince 1/5, YouTube Video
References
- ↑ The Prince from Wikipedia
- ↑ Chronology of Computing compiled by David Singmaster
- ↑ John Maynard Smith, Donald Michie (1961). Machines that play games. New Scientist, 12, 367-9. google books
- ↑ Donald Michie (1966). Game Playing and Game Learning Automata. Advances in Programming and Non-Numerical Computation, Leslie Fox (ed.), pp 183-200. Oxford, Pergamon. » Includes Appendix: Rules of SOMAC by John Maynard Smith
- ↑ Leslie Fox (1966). Advances in programming and non-numerical computation. Pergamon
- ↑ Donald Michie (1974). On Machine Intelligence. Edinburgh: University Press, ISBN 10: 085224262X, ISBN 13: 9780852242629, abebooks.com, alibris.com, biblio.com
- ↑ see Swap-off by Helmut Richter