Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997
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Garry Kasparov and Feng-hsiung Hsu [1] Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1997,
the rematch between Garry Kasparov and Deep Blue, agreed after the Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996 match won by Kasparov with 4–2. The rematch took place in New York City, New York, May 3-11, 1997, and to a big surprise for most spectators Deep Blue won the rematch by 3½-2½ [2]. Despite Kasparov’s win of game 1 in a great style, he did not recover after the shock by Deep Blues’ play in game 2, when Kasparov resigned a possibly drawn position after Deep Blue’s 45. Ra6 [3] [4]. In the final decisive game 6, Kasparov played 7…h6 in the Caro-Kann knowing that it could provoke white to sacrifice a piece, which is very strong, but expected 7… Ne4, assuming h6 was not in Deep Blue’s opening book [5]. With hindsight the match was a huge advertisement and media hype for IBM rather than a “scientific” prove of machines supremacy versus humans in chess. Kasparov accused IBM of cheating and demanded a rematch [6], but IBM declined and retired Deep Blue. It never competed again.
Games
View the 12 games from 1996 and 1997 with eval on Lichess.org
Game 1
Game 2
Game 3
Game 4
Game 5
Game 6
See also
- Computer Chess - A Movie
- Deep Blue | Down the Rabbit Hole Video
- Kasparov versus Deep Thought 1989
- Kasparov versus Deep Blue 1996
- Kasparov versus Deep Junior 2003
Selected Publications
1997
- Daniel King (1997). Kasparov VS. Deeper Blue: The Ultimate Man VS. Machine Challenge. Batsford
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Aske Plaat (1997). Kasparov versus Deep Blue: The Rematch. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2
- Yasser Seirawan, Herbert Simon, Toshinori Munakata (1997). The Implications of Kasparov vs. Deep Blue. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 40, No. 8, pdf hosted from The Computer History Museum
- Daniel C. Dennet (1997). Can Machines Think? Deep Blue and Beyond. ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4
- Richard Korf (1997). Does DEEP BLUE use Artificial Intelligence? ICCA Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4
- Eric Hallsworth (1997). Deep[er] Blue2 vs Gary Kasparov - IBM Challenge - the Re-Match. Selective Search 70, pp. 19, pdf hosted by Mike Watters
AAAI Workshop
- Robert Morris (ed.) (1997). Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence. Technical Report WS-97-04, AAAI Press [17] [18]
- Richard Korf (1997). Does Deep Blue use AI? Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
- Robert Levinson, Jeff Wilkinson (1997). Deep Blue is Still an Infant. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop
- Dennis DeCoste (1997). The Future of Chess-Playing Technologies and the Significance of Kasparov Versus deep Blue. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop
- Selmer Bringsjord, Adam Lally (1997). Chess Isn’t Tough Enough: Better Games for Mind-Machine Competition. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
- Fernand Gobet (1997). Can Deep Blue™ make us happy? Reflections on human and artificial expertise. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
- Tony Marsland (1997). The Anatomy of Chess Programs. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf (95)
- Carl W. Turner (1997). Attributing Intelligence to Humans and Machines: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue, See? Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
- Tony Marsland, Yngvi Björnsson. (1997). From MiniMax to Manhattan. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
- Amol Dattatraya Mali, Amitabha Mukerjee (1997). Modularity Assumptions in Situated Agency. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop
- Cyrus F. Nournai (1997). Multiagent Chess Games. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
- Kenneth M. Ford, Patrick J. Hayes (1997). What’s Wrong With Hal? Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
- Franz-Günter Winkler, Johannes Fürnkranz (1997). On Effort in AI Research: A Description Along Two Dimensions. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop
- David Heath, Derek Allum (1997). The Historical Development of Computer Chess and its Impact on Artificial Intelligence. Deep Blue versus Kasparov, AAAI Workshop, pdf
1998 …
- Feng-hsiung Hsu (1999). IBM’s Deep Blue Chess Grandmaster Chips. IEEE Micro, Vol. 19, No. 2, pdf
- Murray Campbell (1999). Knowledge Discovery in Deep Blue. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 42, No. 11
2000 …
- Gerald Tesauro (2001). Comparison Training of Chess Evaluation Functions. In Johannes Fürnkranz, Miroslav Kubat (eds.) (2001). Machines that learn to play games, 117–130, Nova Science Publishers » Automated Tuning, SCP, Deep Blue
- Feng-hsiung Hsu (2002). Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion. Princeton University Press
- Monty Newborn (2002). Deep Blue: An Artificial Intelligence Milestone. [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media
2010 …
- Monty Newborn (2011). Beyond Deep Blue: Chess in the Stratosphere. Springer [19]
- Martina Heßler (2017). Der Erfolg der „Dummheit“. NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin, Vol. 25 (German with English abstract: The Triumph of “Stupidity”)
- Garry Kasparov, Mig Greengard (2017). Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins. PublicAffairs or John Murray [20] [21] [22]
Forum Posts
1997
- Kasparov misses a draw with Qe3! by Bill Doyle, rgcc, May 04, 1997
- Deep Blue-Part III by Keith Ian Price, rgcc, May 10, 1998
- DEEP BLUE did it… by Ed Schroder, rgcc, May 12, 1997
- DB Tweaking Between Games by Mike Gherrity, rgcc, May 13, 1997
- Learning necessary for chess champion? by Mike Gherrity from rgcc, May 16, 1997
- A farce by Andreas Mader, rgcc, May 21, 1997
- Let’s analyze move 36 by Amir Ban, CCC, October 05, 1997
1998 …
- Deep Blue-Part I by Keith Ian Price, rgcc, May 01, 1998
- Deep Blue-Part II by Keith Ian Price, rgcc, May 02, 1998
- Deep Blue afterthoughts by Ingo Althöfer, CCC, May 09, 1998
2000 …
- “Techmate” by Garry Kasparov by José Antônio Fabiano Mendes, CCC, May 02, 2000 [23]
- Wanted: Deep Blue vs. today’s top programs recap by Mig Greengard, CCC, August 25, 2001
- Deep Blue game log - game #2 by Mike Byrne, CCC, June 10, 2003
- Deep Blue vs. Kasparov, Match II/1997, Game 6 8. Nxe6 by Stuart Cracraft, CCC, October 02, 2004
- Kasparov [HBR interview] : ‘IBM committed a crime against science.’ by José Antônio Fabiano Mendes, CCC, April 26, 2005 [24]
- Game 2, IBM Kasparov vs. Deep Blue, move 36.axb5 by Lar Mader, CCC, March 03, 2006
2010 …
- Performancerating of Kasparov and Deep Blue in their matches by Jens Bæk Nielsen, CCC, October 11, 2012
- New Pictures from Kasparov vs. Deep Blue by Steve Maughan, CCC, February 10, 2016 [25]
- Scientific American article on Computer Chess by Mark Lefler, CCC, June 03, 2017 [26] » Murray Campbell, Artificial Intelligence
- Kasparov-Deep Thought 1997 (second game) by Franco Kanizsa, CCC, July 16, 2017
External Links
- IBM Research | Kasparov vs. Deep Blue: The Rematch - IBM
- Challenging the World Champion | Mastering the Game The Computer History Museum
- IBM100 - Deep Blue
- Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov - The 1997 rematch - Wikipedia
Deep Blue versus Kasparov, 1997, Game 6 - Wikipedia
- Techmate by Garry Kasparov, February 22, 1999, Forbes.com [27]
- The Week in Chess Magazine: Open Letter from Feng-hsiung Hsu, January 10, 2000
- ChessBase: Behind Deep Blue (review) by James E. DuBois, ChessBase News, October 13, 2002
- Von Kemplen’s “The Turk” and IBM’s “Deep Blue”, Conspiracies of a Hidden Human by Garnet Hertz, November 9, 2005
- A Decade After Kasparov’s Defeat, Deep Blue Coder Relives Victory, Interview with Murray Campbell by Robert Andrews, Wired News, November 05, 2007
- The Man vs. The Machine documentary by Frederic Friedel, ChessBase News, October 26, 2014
- Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part one) by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, December 26, 2014 » Komodo [28]
- Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part two) by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, December 31, 2014
- Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part three) by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, January 09, 2015
- Deep Blue’s cheating move by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, February 19, 2015
- 20 years ago, a computer first beat a chess world champion - 1996-1997 The Kasparov-Deep Blue chess matches by Alex Q. Arbuckle, February 10, 2016
- Garry Kasparov: Don’t fear intelligent machines. Work with them | TED Talk, April 2017 [29]
- Twenty years on from Deep Blue vs Kasparov: how a chess match started the big data revolution by Mark Robert Anderson, The Conversation, May 11, 2017
- 20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess by Larry Greenemeier, Scientific American, June 2, 2017 [30] » Murray Campbell
- Kasparov on Deep Learning in chess by Frederic Friedel, ChessBase News, December 13, 2017
- What is Garry up to? by Macauley Peterson, ChessBase News, January 24, 2018
- Anjelina on Kasparov vs Deep Blue by Frederic Friedel, ChessBase News, May 17, 2019 [31]
Videos
Endgame: Challenging the Master, © 2005 The Computer History Museum, YouTube Video
Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine (trailer), 2003 documentary film by Vikram Jayanti, YouTube Video [32]
Schach dem Menschen. Deep Blues Sieg und die Geschichte Künstlicher Intelligenz. Lecture with Martina Heßler, May 23, 2019, YouTube Video (German)
References
- ↑ Garry Kasparov just resigned Game 2, Capture from the Endgame: Challenging the Master Video @ 0:43, © 2005 The Computer History Museum
- ↑ IBM Research | Kasparov vs. Deep Blue: The Rematch - IBM
- ↑ Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (part one) by Albert Silver, ChessBase News, December 26, 2014
- ↑ Kasparov-Deep Thought 1997 (second game) by Franco Kanizsa, CCC, July 16, 2017
- ↑ Kasparov says he played 7…h6 knowing that it could “provoke white to sacrifice a piece, which is very strong…, But machines don’t sacrifice a piece for a pawn without having a concrete outcome in sight, so I expected that the computer would go back on e4 because this move was not in the special database prepared by a grandmaster team that worked with Deep Blue. And to my horror Deep Blue immediately took on e6, which means that the move was already put in.”
What is Garry up to? by Macauley Peterson, ChessBase News, January 24, 2018 - ↑ The Week in Chess Magazine: Open Letter from Feng-hsiung Hsu, January 10, 2000
- ↑ The Machine Starring Hadley Fraser and Francesca AnnisWritten by Matt Charman, directed by Josie Rourke
- ↑ The Machine : Program & Events : Park Avenue Armory
- ↑ Manchester International Festival 2013 | Q&A Matt Charman | The Guardian, May 24, 2013
- ↑ The Machine by Harvey Williamson, Hiarcs Forum, May 11, 2013
- ↑ Kenneth Lee from Arkansas Repertory Theatre
- ↑ Photo by Helen Maybanks, The Machine - New York - Donmar Warehouse
- ↑ Photo by Helen Maybanks, The Machine - New York - Donmar Warehouse
- ↑ Re: The Machine by Harvey Williamson, Hiarcs Forum, July 22, 2013
- ↑ The Machine - New York - Donmar Warehouse
- ↑ The Machine
- ↑ AAAI Workshop: Deep Blue Versus Kasparov: The Significance for Artificial Intelligence 1997
- ↑ “Deep Blue” inspires deep thinking about artificial intelligence by computer scientist by Robert Irion, May 5, 1997
- ↑ New CC book: Beyond Deep Blue by Steven Edwards, CCC, November 11, 2011
- ↑ Garry Kasparov: Don’t fear intelligent machines. Work with them | TED Talk, April 2017
- ↑ The Day the Machines Took Over by Adam Thierer, Medium, May 11, 2017
- ↑ Kasparov on Deep Learning in chess by Frederic Friedel, ChessBase News, December 13, 2017
- ↑ Techmate by Garry Kasparov, February 22, 1999, Forbes.com
- ↑ Strategic Intensity - A Conversation with World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov by Diane L. Coutu, Harvard Business Review, April 2005
- ↑ 20 years ago, a computer first beat a chess world champion - 1996-1997 The Kasparov-Deep Blue chess matches by Alex Q. Arbuckle, February 10, 2016
- ↑ 20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess by Larry Greenemeier, Scientific American, June 2, 2017
- ↑ “Techmate” by Garry Kasparov by José Antônio Fabiano Mendes, CCC, May 02, 2000
- ↑ Komodo 8: Deep Blue revisited (1/2) by Graham Banks, CCC, December 27, 2014
- ↑ Garry Kasparov, Mig Greengard (2017). Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins. PublicAffairs or John Murray
- ↑ Scientific American article on Computer Chess by Mark Lefler, CCC, June 03, 2017
- ↑ Anjelina Belakovskaia from Wikipedia
- ↑ Game Over - Kasparov and the machine : ADCHESS : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive