Influence Quantity of Pieces
Home * Chess * Pieces * Influence Quantity
Samuel Bak - Intruder [1] The influence quantity of pieces is defined by their number of unique moves with respect to their from- and to-square coordinates, the cardinality of the set of all possible moves, or potential, global mobility [2]. It might be used to enumerate and encode all those moves, i.e. associating each move, per piece and in total, with a unique number for minimal perfect hashing opposed to intermittent Butterfly boards.
For instance a pawn (including promotions) has 48 (8*6) single pushes and 84 (2*7*6) captures, plus 8 possible double pushes on each file, which results in a influence quantity of 140 of either white or black pawns.The influence quantities of all pieces are divisible by four times seven (28), excluding pawn and king even by sixteen times seven (112). While obviously the number of queen quantities is the sum of rook- and bishop quantities, it is at the first glance somehow surprising that the rook quantity is the sum of bishop- and knight quantities.
Whole Board Diagrams
Whole board tables cover pawn, knight, king and sliding pieces, and their file-, rank and total sums:
White pawn total white pawn a2 white pawn d2
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | | 17 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | | | 14 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | | | | 11 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | 20
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | 8 | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | | 15
| 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | 5 | | | 3 | 3 | 3 | | | | 9
| 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 30 | 3 | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | 4 | | | | | 4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
13 19 19 19 19 19 19 13 140 13 15 12 9 6 3 58 6 12 15 19 15 12 9 4 92
Knight King
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 36
| 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 38 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 52 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 38 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 58
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 36
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
26 38 52 52 52 52 38 26 336 36 58 58 58 58 58 58 36 420
Bishop Rook Queen
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 56 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |168
| 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 68 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |21 |180
| 7 | 9 |11 |11 |11 |11 | 9 | 7 | 76 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |23 |25 |25 |25 |25 |23 |21 |188
| 7 | 9 |11 |13 |13 |11 | 9 | 7 | 80 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |23 |25 |27 |27 |25 |23 |21 |192
| 7 | 9 |11 |13 |13 |11 | 9 | 7 | 80 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |23 |25 |27 |27 |25 |23 |21 |192
| 7 | 9 |11 |11 |11 |11 | 9 | 7 | 76 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |23 |25 |25 |25 |25 |23 |21 |188
| 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 68 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |23 |21 |180
| 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 56 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |14 |112 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |21 |168
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
56 68 76 80 80 76 68 56 560 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 896 168 180 188 192 192 188 180 168 1456Board Circles
The concentric “circles” around the center with their respective influence sums of sliding pieces:
Bishop Circles Rook Circles Queen Circles
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 196 | | 392 | | 588 |
+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+ + + +---+---+---+---+---+---+ + + +---+---+---+---+---+---+ +
| | 180 | | | | 280 | | | | 460 | |
+ + +---+---+---+---+ + + + + +---+---+---+---+ + + + + +---+---+---+---+ + +
| | | 132 | | | | | | 168 | | | | | | 300 | | |
+ + + +---+---+ + + + + + + +---+---+ + + + + + + +---+---+ + + +
| | | | 52 | | | | | | | | 56 | | | | | | | | 108 | | | |
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
| | | | 4*13 | | | | | | | | 4*14 | | | | | | | | 4*27 | | | |
+ + + +---+---+ + + + + + + +---+---+ + + + + + + +---+---+ + + +
| | | 12*11 | | | | | | 12*14 | | | | | | 12*25 | | |
+ + +---+---+---+---+ + + + + +---+---+---+---+ + + + + +---+---+---+---+ + +
| | 20* 9 | | | | 20*14 | | | | 20*23 | |
+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+ + + +---+---+---+---+---+---+ + + +---+---+---+---+---+---+ +
| 28* 7 | | 28*14 | | 28*21 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+Quantities and Point Values
The mentioned move quantities of pawns and pieces only roughly correlate with their point values since the static enumeration of all moves with distinct coordinates does not take into account the reachability of all origin-squares. Only queen and rook can reach any square in at least two moves on the otherwise empty board. Bishop quantities cover all light and dark colored from-squares. While a single bishop is bounded to one square color, its individual influence quantity is therefor divided by two. Also, pawns can only move forward and can not reach each enumerated origin square, which decreases their individual influence accordantly. King and knights can reach every square on the otherwise empty board, but may take more time with respect to distance and knight-distance.
Divisibility by Seven
All influence quantities are divisible by four times seven, thanks to the double pushes. For a rook it is quite obvious, since each of the 64 from squares covers one rank and file each with seven squares left.
| Piece | # | div 4 | div 7 | div 28
| Pawn | ||||
| 140 | ||||
| 35 | ||||
| 20 | ||||
| 5 | ||||
| Knight | ||||
| 336 | ||||
| 84 | ||||
| 48 | ||||
| 12 | ||||
| King | ||||
| 420 | ||||
| 105 | ||||
| 60 | ||||
| 15 | ||||
| Bishops | ||||
| 560 | ||||
| 140 | ||||
| 80 | ||||
| 20 | ||||
| Bishop | ||||
| 280 | ||||
| 70 | ||||
| 40 | ||||
| 10 | ||||
| Rook | ||||
| 896 | ||||
| 224 | ||||
| 128 | ||||
| 32 | ||||
| Queen | ||||
| 1456 | ||||
| 364 | ||||
| 208 | ||||
| 52 | ||||
| N | ||||
| 1792 | ||||
| 448 | ||||
| 256 | ||||
| 64 | ||||
Fibonacci Spiral
If we only consider pieces with disjoint moves (excluding pawns and king), and the queen as superset of bishop and rook, the influence quantities are even divisible by seven times sixteen, where the remaining quotients from knight to queen are Fibonacci numbers as shown by the Fibonacci spiral [3] [4] .
| Chessfibspirale.jpg | Yupana 1.png |
| Fibonacci spiral [5] | Yupana, counting tool of the Incas |
| Piece | covers other pieces | # | ÷ (7x16)
| Knight | |||
| - | |||
| 336 | |||
| 3 | |||
| Bishop | |||
| queen, king and pawn captures | |||
| 560 | |||
| 5 | |||
| Rook | |||
| queen, king and pawn pushes | |||
| 896 | |||
| 8 | |||
| possible queen move coordinates | |||
| 1456 | |||
| 13 | |||
| possible from-to move coordinates | |||
| 1792 | |||
| 16 | |||
Analogy in Astronomy
In his esoteric and pseudo scientific touched Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory, Peter Orantek [6] mentions a possible connection to astronomy, related to the orbital period of Earth and Venus. The influence quantity of a queen is equivalent to about 4 years (4 x 364 days), while the influence quantity of a rook is equivalent to 224 days x 4 Venus rotations.
| FullMoon2010.jpg | Venus-real color.jpg | The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg |
| Moon | Venus 224 | |
| Earth 364 | ||
In his German text sample [7] , Orantek further elaborates that queen quantities of the four center squares (four times 27) represent four earth moon rotations, while the three concentric rings around the center might related to various synodic periods of the four terrestrial planets. He associates following prime numbers with planets or objects orbiting the Sun [8] :
| Primenumber | Piece | Engine | Planetor Objects | Symbol | Orbital periodin days | Synodic periodin days
| 3 | Knight | Black Knight White Knight | Mercury | Mercury symbol.svg | 87.9691 | |
| 115.88 | ||||||
| 5 | Bishop | BlackBishop The Crazy Bishop | Venus | Venus symbol.svg | 224.70069 | 583.92 |
| (579–589) | ||||||
| 13 | Queen | Queen Terra | Earth | Earth symbol.svg | 365.256366 | |
| 61 | Mars | Mars symbol.svg | 686.971 | |||
| 779.96 | ||||||
| (764–811) | ||||||
| 89 | Anubis | Asteroids | ||||
| 127 | Jupiter | Jupiter | Jupiter symbol.svg | 4,331.572 | ||
| 398.88 | ||||||
| 167 | Charon | |||||
| 181 | Saturn | Saturn symbol.svg | 10,759.220 | |||
| 378.09 | ||||||
| 307 | ||||||
| Chiron | Chiron | Chiron symbol.svg | 18,539.000 | |||
| 487 | ||||||
| Uranus | Uranus symbol.svg | 30,799.095 | ||||
| 369.66 | ||||||
| 499 | ||||||
| Pholus | 33,547.410 | |||||
| 547 | ||||||
| Neptune | Neptune | Neptune symbol.svg | 60,190.000 | |||
| 367.49 | ||||||
| 761 | ||||||
| Pluto | Pluto symbol.svg | 90,613.305 | ||||
| 366.73 | ||||||
| 1307 | ||||||
| Transpluto |
See also
Publications
- H. M. Taylor (1876). On the Relative Values of the Pieces in Chess. Philosophical Magazine, Series 5, Vol. 1, pp. 221-229
- H. S. M. Coxeter (1940). Mathematical Recreations and Essays. from the original by W. W. Rouse Ball, Macmillan
- Jack Good (1968). A Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess - Appendix F. The Value of the Pieces and Squares. Machine Intelligence Vol. 2
- Dan Heisman (1990, 1999, 2010). Elements of Positional Evaluation. Russell Enterprises
- Peter Orantek (2008). Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Programming Language Chess.
Forum Posts
- Value of the pieces by Joost de Heer, rgc, February 01, 1995
- Material/Mobility by kingliveson, OpenChess Forum, June 17, 2010
External Links
If - Fibonacci’s Number (1971), YouTube Video
Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention, Inca Roads, 1974, ( A Token of His Extreme), YouTube Video [9] [10] [11]
Frank Zappa, George Duke, Napoleon Murphy Brock, Chester Thompson, Tom Fowler, Ruth Underwood, Captain Beefheart
References
- ↑ Chess in the Art of Samuel Bak Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies, University of Minnesota
- ↑ Dan Heisman (1990, 1999, 2010). Elements of Positional Evaluation. Russell Enterprises
- ↑ The Fibonacci Series - The Series - Fibonacci Spiral In Action
- ↑ The relative piece values for {N, B, R, Q} of {3, 5, 8, 15} were mentioned by H. M. Taylor (1876). On the Relative Values of the Pieces in Chess. Philosophical Magazine, Series 5, Vol. 1, pp. 221-229 as reported in H. S. M. Coxeter (1940). Mathematical Recreations and Essays. pp. 162-165, from the original by W. W. Rouse Ball, Macmillan, as reported by Jack Good (1968). A Five-Year Plan for Automatic Chess - Appendix F. The Value of the Pieces and Squares. Machine Intelligence Vol. 2
- ↑ Peter Orantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory
- ↑ Peter Orantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Programming Language Chess
- ↑ Peter 0rantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Decoded prehistorical books of Chess (pdf text sample)
- ↑ Peter 0rantek: Encyclopedia of Chess-Prehistory - Decoded prehistorical books of Chess - Contents (pdf)
- ↑ Clay animation by Bruce Bickford
- ↑ Kelly Fisher Lowe (2006). The Words and Music of Frank Zappa. Praeger Publishers, pp. 119 The lyrics to “Inca Roads” are absurdist in the extreme. They veer wildly from spacey - “Did a vehicle / Come from somewhere out there / Just to land in the Andes?,” which both Watson and Courrier claim Zappa’s satire on the popular-at-the-time book Chariots of the Gods? …
- ↑ Nazca Lines from Wikipedia