Alen Shapiro
Alen David Shapiro,
a British computer scientist, who as student of Donald Michie at Department of Machine Intelligence at University of Edinburgh researched on decision tree algorithms and decision tree learning applied to chess. Alen Shapiro and Tim Niblett, another of Michie’s students, adopted Ross Quinlan’s Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) algorithm for processing complex data [1] for other employment at the chessboard, while they overcame [2] its disadvantage that it yielded massively unwieldy and incomprehensible decision-rules with structured induction, an interactive regime for generating machine-executable decision rules and configuring them into transparent concept-hierarchies. Niblett and Shapiro tested ID3 on the endgame of KPK, and found that decision trees generated by the algorithm 100% accurate.
CLESS
In 1979/80, Alen Shapiro worked with Ivan Bratko and Zdenek Zdrahal on Pattern Recognition applied to Chess. In fact they used Bitboards, called cellular 8x8 arrays, to implement their Cellular logic processing emulator for chess (CLESS) [3] . CLESS used three kinds of instructions to recognize simple and more complex chess patterns:
- bitwise boolean operations without any interactions between squares
- shifts as expand instructions
- fill-like propagation instructions, internally using the first two kinds of instructions and conditions in loops
Chess Endgames
Quote by Maarten van Emden in I remember Donald Michie [4]:
Structured Induction
from computer chess: Information from Answers.com [5][6]:
Structured Induction Expert System [7]
AI as Sport
Quote by John McCarthy from AI as Sport [8][9]:
Selected Publications
- Zdenek Zdráhal, Ivan Bratko, Alen Shapiro (1981). Recognition of Complex Patterns Using Cellular Arrays. The Computer Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3
- Alen Shapiro, Tim Niblett (1982). Automatic Induction of Classification Rules for Chess End game. Advances in Computer Chess 3
- Alen Shapiro (1983). The Role of Structured Induction in Expert Systems. University of Edinburgh, Machine Intelligence Research Unit (Ph.D. thesis) [12]
- Alen Shapiro, Donald Michie (1986). A Self-commenting Facility for Inductively Synthesised Endgame Expertise. Advances in Computer Chess 4
- Alen Shapiro (1987). Structured Induction in Expert Systems. Turing Institute Press in association with Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Workingham, UK. ISBN 0-201-178133. amazon[13].
External Links
References
- ↑ Ross Quinlan (1986). Induction of Decision Trees. Machine Learning, Vol. 1, No. 1
- ↑ D. Michie CV
- ↑ Zdenek Zdráhal, Ivan Bratko, Alen Shapiro (1981). Recognition of Complex Patterns Using Cellular Arrays. The Computer Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 263-270
- ↑ I remember Donald Michie (1923 – 2007) « A Programmers Place by Maarten van Emden, June 12, 2009
- ↑ Title: Chess End-Game - King+Rook versus King+Pawn on a7
- ↑ Mario Marchand and Mostefa Golea (1993). A Constructive Algorithm for Neural Decision Lists. University of Ottawa, from World Congress on Neural Networks: Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Meeting of the International Neural Network Society, vol. 3, pp. 560-563, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. pdf
- ↑ Alen Shapiro (1987). Structured Induction in Expert Systems. Turing Institute Press in association with Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Workingham, UK. ISBN 0-201-178133
- ↑ John McCarthy (1997). AI as Sport. Science, Vol. 276
- ↑ AI as Sport by John McCarthy
- ↑ ICGA Reference Database
- ↑ dblp: Alen Shapiro
- ↑ UCI Machine Learning Repository: Chess (King-Rook vs. King-Pawn) Data Set
- ↑ Dap Hartmann (1988). Alen D. Shapiro: Structured Induction in Expert Systems. ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4
- ↑ Dheeru Dua, Efi Karra Taniskidou (2017). UCI Machine Learning Repository. University of California, Irvine, School of Information and Computer Science